Estimating the abundance of organisms is fundamental to the study and management of ecological systems. However, accurately and precisely estimating organism abundance is challenging, especially in aquatic systems where organisms are hidden underwater.
Estimating the abundance of fish is critical for the management of fisheries which relies on accurate assessment of population status to maximize yield without overharvesting populations. Monitoring population status is particularly challenging for inland fisheries in which populations are distributed among many individual waterbodies.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) may offer a cost-effective way to rapidly estimate populations across a large number of systems if eDNA quantity correlates with the abundance of its source organisms. We testedd the ability of quantities of eDNA recovered from surface water to estimate the abundance of walleye (Sander vitreus), a culturally and economically important sportfish, in lakes in northern Wisconsin (USA) and found eDNA correlated closely with conventional estimates of walleye abundance.